Globalisation and Dilemmas of Income Taxation - Free Samples

Question: Examine about the Globalization and Dilemmas of Income Taxation. Answer: Presentation: The current fragment explains in insight about ascertainment of capital addition in any case misfortune from Erics exchange of old fashioned container. The current situation referenced for the situation helps in knowing the way that Eric got ownership of different asset considering antique jar well as seat, sound framework for home, artistic creations just as portions of specific recorded business organizations. Regardless, Eric showcased all the previously mentioned assets simply after procurement of the expressed ones. Basically, this case intends to build up the exact capital increase in any case misfortune from the said exchange. However, this procedure of foundation of the correct capital increase else shrewd misfortune can be associated to explicit by law of assessment that is 108-20 announcement stated by ITAA. Evidently this issue referenced thus the case can be comprehended after appropriate direction to the assessment diktat (108-20) verbalized by ITAA (Woellner et al., 201 6). According to tax collection diktat 108 (20) stated by ITAA, it tends to be deciphered that a misfortune measure of $1000 emerges from the offer of home sound device can't be allowed for deduction from the assessable acquiring. Because of the way that misfortunes got from freeing from assets for individual use can't be determined. Basically, the business as usual for adjusting embraced is established in the guidelines specified under principle numbered 108 - 110 stated by ITAA 1997 (Woellner, 2013). Since Eric has procured gains from removal of common resources of the business, capital derivation isn't passable under law in the current money related year. As a result, by and large benefit estimation of Eric sums to $15000. The investigation alludes to a case on professional interactions associated with a specific bank official named as Brian. The case outlines that the business of the particular allowed Brian an advance adding up to $1 million with appended financing cost of almost 1% consistently. By the by, the current set-up additionally uncovers the way that the financial authority utilized 40% of this loaned sum for making salary and met all the advance commitments concerning the intrigue cost. The current inquiry is to illuminate the quantifiable estimation of incidental advantage counted for the year 2016 just as 2017. What's more, this current segment additionally expects to evaluate whether the appropriate response inferred may potentially be totally if there should be an occurrence of installment of enthusiasm on loaned sum at the end time of the advance understanding rather than month to month distributions of interests. In any case, it is crucial to understand if the bank sets liberates Bri an from taking care of the measure of enthusiasm on acquired assets. In this way, the current contextual analysis under pondering can be joined to the settling of worries during the time spent ascertainment of FBT-tax collection (incidental advantage). Basically, this again can be associated with tax assessment order affirmed under by law TR 93/6 (Wallschutzky, 2012). Basic investigation of guidelines of tax collection enunciated under TR 93/6 guides in increasing thorough mindfulness with respect to the whole strategy of finding out incidental advantage charge Krever Black, 2013). As per a specific guidance obviously conveyed by the law, on the off chance that if the bank giving fund liberates or as such frees the person from the obligation of taking care of the premium sum, at that point that individual may be discharged from the responsibility of premium installments (Hamilton et al., 2012). In this manner, Brian can be discharged from the responsibility of taking care of duty sum. At long last it tends to be affirmed that there is no impulse to clear up the expense responsibility by making outgoings with respect to the financial authority since he is liberated from the obligation of premium dispensing by the loaning bank that offered the credit. Application connected to tax assessment order As appropriately showed by Ganghof Eccleston (2014), tax assessment guidance verbalized under TR 93/32 presents methods of rewarding benefits in any case misfortunes emerging from mutually holding investment properties. According to the guidelines enunciated under by law TR 93/32, rental belongings mutually held can't be alluded to as associations during the time spent expense evaluation (Eccleston, 2014). The pertinent rule as refered to under this decision explains the way that organization accord that incorporates both either in composed configuration or by overhearing people's conversations is said to apply any effect on the general procedure of disseminating continues got from the mutually held investment property. In addition, the diktat under this standing rule additionally focuses on the way that co-proprietors of a particular rental belonging under consideration can't be seen as accomplices especially under basic conditions of the decision. In a general sense, bargains of jo int endeavor can't have any impact on the consolidated measure of either benefit or, in all likelihood misfortune partitioned between the co-owners of the property. According to the given contextual analysis, extent s of risk of Jack just as his significant other is basically 90% and 10% separately. The decisions of the case on F.C. of T. v McDonald(1987) 18 ATR 957 can be alluded to in such manner. This law case decision expresses that accomplice of the high-roller of expense laid hands on two differing title in a particular shared endeavor (Eccleston, 2012). In view of this it tends to be said that the settlement helped in approving that two unique holders of benefits (for this situation Jack and Jill) can gain income in the particular rate division of especially 75% and 25% individually. In the light of the guidelines referenced in this, both the co-proprietors that is Jack alongside spouse Jill have the privilege on the returns of the property as joint tenants. Related to the guidance explained in the standing rules TR 93/32, it would thus be able to be made out that in instances of joint holders of rental belongings, misfortune experienced can be reasonably dispersed among the two unique owners, regardless of the way that joint holding of leased belongings can't be viewed as rewarded in the comparative way as the dealings did in associations. Case on IRC v Duke of Westminster[1936] AC 1 describes about duty avoiding. This specific occurrence bears notice about the way that all people have the consent to coordinate explicit situation for permitting conclusions from the deliberate commitment of expense (Eccleston, 2014). Fundamentally, this legitimate case talks about the Duke of Westminster who conveyed a plant specialist and paid pay from the significant income got post charge from basically the Dike. Be that as it may, to reduce the general burdened worth, the Duke likewise stopped to give compensation to that particular cultivator and rather built up a settlement to do payment that is of equivalent worth. All things considered, the pronouncements of duty gave Duke the power to guarantee for a finding during the time spent his expense evaluation (Ganghof Eccleston, 2014). Basically, this therefore diminished the general obligation of the payer of duty as both the annual expense just as the surtax got reduced. Thusly, the Inland Revenue actually lost in the legitimate body of evidence that was against the Duke. This case discusses the people looking for methods of sidestepping charge legitimately by age of explicit conditions. Be that as it may, in the current conditions, the standard in Australia explains that if a particular individual can achieve accomplishment for getting to the end, the whole Inland Revenue in such case may conceivably be enslaved for their configuration (Halligan, 2015). Issues that can be thusly perceived from the case investigation: The perceived issue in the current state spins around investigation of income emerging from the takings of the organization from the deals of felled lumber. Essentially, this specific sum can be seen under tax collection standing rule explained under 6-1 of the standard for Assessment of Income (in other words, Income Tax Assessment Act-1936) (Eccleston, 2014). Point by point assessment of the case mirrors that Bill essentially has a specific land that has pine trees. Moving further, the case under reflection likewise affirms that Bill has the aim to put the land to use to brush by sheep and get it cleaned. Far beyond this, Bill got the feeling that a logging element is good to go to pay $1000 for wood. Separating all the issues of concern identified with the tax collection joined to capital additions, Bill is given proposals concerning the takings from the particular plan. Basically, announcement of tax collection verbalized under TR 95/6 demonstrates towards aftereffects of tax assessment that essentially crop up from the creations with takes a shot at ranch and ranger service works (Keating, 2015). Furthermore, this particular decision directs unveils the ties or, more than likely impediments as respects takings from the business that emerge out of the deals of the wood got from the land. Essentially, this requires enquiry with respect to the way that whether the individual paying the duty is in any capacity in a partaker in the ranger service works. 6-1 specified under tax assessment act - 1936, assembling can be connected to exercises of manor (Krever Black, 2013). Definite evaluation of the instance of Bill uncovers that Bill didn't complete any sort of manor work. In any case, Bill got the takings got from selling the felled lumber. Along these lines, this can be seen as a quantifiable pay of the individual settling the assessment. Closing perception: At last, it very well may be thusly found out that acknowledgment of various takings that are created from deals that is in this particular case got from deals of lumber can be seen as quantifiable salary according to mandate enunciated under 6 (1) articulated by ITAA. References Eccleston, R. (2012). Burdening times: a political retrospective.Austl. Duty F.,17, 287. Eccleston, R. (2014). Multi year issue: the legislative issues of Australian expense change, The.Australian Tax Research Foundation Research Studies, 206. Ganghof, S., Eccleston, R. (2014). Globalization and the di

Executive leadership personal growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Official administration self-awareness - Essay Example I had the errand of looking over a gathering of individuals about their needs of cleanser and persuading them to purchase my preferred cleanser. The errand expected me to showcase the item which I had around then. So I was allowed the chance to express the value which, I thought, would be fine, and yet I needed to sell a definite number of cleansers so the errand would be finished with the necessary objectives. I took in the specialty of correspondence and applied it when I began promoting and selling my item. Nonetheless, I before long understood that the manner in which I was showcasing the item was in a state of harmony with the necessities and needs of the individuals. The most significant exercise in advertising is to sell what individuals don’t know. The late incredible Steve Jobs was once posed the inquiry whether his organization embraces statistical surveying so as to discover what the requirements of the individuals are, and the extraordinary man reacted in his trade mark style that individuals don’t recognize what they need and, along these lines, it is the activity of the organizations and the business visionaries to give them something what they have never thought about yet would at present acknowledge and fit it in their day by day life and their needs. I found out about my shortcomings while I was taken a crack at the program. Each man believes that, when he takes an undertaking to perform, he will do it in the most ideal manner. Notwithstanding, there are many possibilities which go about in the exhibition of any errand. Probably the best shortcoming was not being a decent audience. I didn't tune in to the requests of the client in the correct manner and, in this manner, lost in my objective of selling the necessary number of items relegated to me. The program I experienced showed me how to show restraint toward my customers, just as being mindful to the manner in which I endeavor to showcase my items to others. It’s fundamen tal to have a solid up close and personal articulation while managing the customers. â€Å"Each character type has an alternate thought of being effective. Self-information is one shared objective that will assist everybody with making individual progress. Such a large number of individuals are hung up on another person's concept of being effective, and they are unconscious of what is really essential to them. This is totally ordinary. We as a whole have significant good examples and influencers in our lives who may have essential qualities that are very not quite the same as our own. If so, it's critical to perceive that the error between what we have been instructed is genuinely significant and what we actually accept to be really significant is because of a distinction in context. On the off chance that we invest our energy and exertion attempting to meet another person's concept of achievement, and disregard or put down any clashing messages from our own mind, at that point we will end up depleted and troubled. Acknowledging what is really essential to us is a significant advance towards accomplishing individual success.† (Personal Growth) In agreement with the above content, it is imperative to investigate one’s shortcomings and qualities so as to achieve development as an individual. We as a whole will in general get repressed as characters. Be that as it may, there is an approach to check the restraint, which is to battle it out as far as you could tell and to remain decided and quiet during the time spent evacuating all the hindrances. While doing my advertising work I took in the specialty of selling items in the wake of confronting numerous disappointments. The significant thing to note here is that, as individuals, we don't give ourselves enough opportunities to evaluate something new and imaginative. We are on edge

How to Write a Scholarship Essay That Stands Out

How to Write a Scholarship Essay That Stands Out How to Write a Winning Essay for Scholarship You have been looking for a scholarship for a long time. You have read numerous articles online. Youve made your own list of college awards that you would like to get and enjoy. Now you need to start your winning path. And there is only one thing that separates you from your success. Yes, you’ve got it right. It is a scholarship essay. It goes without saying that this paper is very important if you want to get a scholarship. You should understand that your grades and ideas will not do the entire job. So, read some winning tips on how to write a scholarship essay and implement them to get the needed results. In fact, writing scholarship essays requires good writing skills. Moreover, you should know what kind of a paper you need to compose. Do you have a crystal clear idea of what a scholarship essay is? Well, it is a piece that shows you are a strong candidate who deserves to win the race and get the money. It is hard. It is time-consuming. It is important. Writing scholarship essays is difficult, and not because you are a bad writer, but because you never know how to please the judge. And let’s be honest â€" it is all about pleasing the judge. Thus, you need to have your writing skills honed and perfected. For this, you have blogs and diaries to write just for the sake of writing. You should take into account all aspects that an admission officer will pay attention to. How can you cope with all that? Well, let’s enumerate 10 tips that will definitely help you come up with a winning scholarship paper. Read them and implement. You’ll be wowed with the results. 10 Best scholarship essay tips for you to follow: How to start a scholarship essay and complete it in a winning way Well, there are a lot of articles on the Web on how to compose a scholarship essay. However, let us ask you the question: “Do you really have time to read them all, study and analyze them?” All you need is really effective and time-tested tips on how to win scholarship essay contests. Our experts with years of scholarship application essay experience have come up with the list of winning tips that will surely make your paper stand out. Here they are: Look through the instructions carefully and focus on what you should highlight in your essay. Plan your writing process. Divide it into parts and think over how you will cover each stage. Research the topic you need to cover properly before getting down to writing. Define what sources are the most suitable for your paper and study them thoroughly. It will give you a clear picture of where to go in your essay. Pay attention to your scholarship essay format and its length. If it is APA, you need to meet its standards. MLA won’t do in this case. Be very attentive and careful with the reference style otherwise formatting errors can spoil all your efforts. Develop a winning thesis statement. Keep in mind that thesis statement is the key to a brilliant paper. It should be concise, narrow and fit your topic perfectly. It should be arguable. If you want to get appreciation and make a positive impression on the judge, your essay should flow naturally and contain your own experience. Use simple words and convey your ideas in a clear manner. Present your achievements smoothly so that it won’t look like you are boasting. Describe different situations from your college life and include your accomplishments in the suitable context. Dive into the writing process and concentrate on it. Different temptations may occur and distract you from the process of creation your masterpiece. Ignore them and focus on writing. You’ll be wowed how effective you can be if your concentration is good. Make sure all the citations are done properly. It is of a great importance. Pay your attention that all citations should meet the standards of the required academic style otherwise you may face the risk of being accused of plagiarism. Check your paper before submitting it. Are you done with your paper? Congratulations! You’ve made it! However, there is still one thing that you should do. Yes, you need to proofread and edit your paper. Check it for spelling, grammar, formatting and other errors and eliminate them if you find any. You can find special software on the Web that can help you with it. Another good idea is to give your essay to somebody (your sister, brother, friend, etc.) and ask him/her to read it. Sometimes a fresh set of eyes can save you from a failure. We hope all these tips will help you come up with a superb scholarship essay that will enable you to win a long-desired scholarship. What can be done if writing a scholarship essay is too challenging for you? If you are still puzzled or have little time to compose a triumphant college scholarship essay, you may get help online. We make a point of finding the most skilled people to deliver you the most decent writing assistance that will feet your current academic needs. Former teachers and admission officers, journalists and bloggers â€" we have a team of versatile specialists who are all masters of the quill. Every expert in our team is well-versed in the topic you need to cover. Check the site and see scholarship essay samples to get the idea of how your future paper may look like.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Substance Abuse - 1574 Words

Substance abuse consists of an individual exhibiting dysfunctional behavior as a result of consuming psychoactive substances that eventually culminate in adverse consequences. According to the 2013, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, approximately 24.6 million Americans over the age of 12 were current illicit drug users; moreover, 136.9 million Americans were current alcohol users, which is more than half (52.2%) of the American population (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], 2013). Cognitive-behavioral therapies are among the most thoroughly studied psychotherapeutic approaches for individuals with substance abuse disorders that date back to the work of Ivan Pavlov on classic conditioning. There have been multiple studies that show cognitive-behavioral model of addiction can be effective as a stand-alone treatment or combined other treatment strategies. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for substance abuse incorporates a variety of individual and g roup treatments including motivational interviewing, contingency management, pharmacotherapy, psychoeducational therapy, coping and social skills training, and relapse prevention. Cognitive-behavioral therapy considers substance use disorders as a complex multi-determined problem with a number of influences playing a role in the development or perpetuation of the disorder (Marlatt and Donovan, 2005). Some risk factors that may influence drug abuse are: personality traits such as impulsivity orShow MoreRelatedEffectiveness Of Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy On Treating Nssi, Eating Disorders And Substance Abuse Disorder1264 Words   |  6 PagesEffectiveness of Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy in Treating NSSI, Eating Disorders and Substance Abuse Disorder Overview of intervention/Introduction Emma is a 15-year-old teenager diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. Partaking in episodes of binge eating, fasting and self- induced vomiting; Emma has a distorted perception regarding her weight and body image. Similarly, Ethan is a 16-year-old teenager diagnosed with Non- suicidal- self-injury (NSSI), who through repetitive cuts and burns to the bodyRead MoreThe War on Drugs Essay1124 Words   |  5 Pagescould save money. Substance abuse is an overwhelming factor in crime, for example 50% of homicides involve drugs and alcohol. (Parks, G., Marlatt, A. 1999) Treating offenders for substance problems could make the difference in recidivism rates. There are several models of programs the state should consider when deciding treatment options for offenders. The state should consider instating and improving the social learning model. 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Instrumentation A wide variety of evidence based instruments that are available for the diagnosis and screening of individuals potentially or currently engaged in substance use or recovery from substance use disorders. Pre-screen instruments include NIDA Drug Use Screening Tool; quick screen, CRAFFT Part A, AUDIT-C, and the Opioid Risk Tool. Full-screen instruments include the NIDARead MoreFamily Therapy And Substance Abuse1524 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Family therapy is needed in so many aspects whether its trauma, substance, abuse or marital counseling. It doesn’t matter if it’s for adolescents in the family or adults. It’s important that a clinician is knowledgeable about family therapy and the best approaches to assist the family in becoming functional. 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Adolescent Dating Violence â€Å"Teen dating violence is a pattern of controlling behavior exhibited towards one teenager by another in a dating relationship†Read MorePsychodynamic Approach On Human Nature1108 Words   |  5 Pagespsychodynamic, cognitive- behavioral, existential- humanistic, and postmodern approach. â€Å"Psychodynamic approach sees human functioning based upon the interaction of drives and forces within the person, particularly unconscious, and between the different structures of the personality.† (McLeod, 2007, para. 4). Psychodynamic approach uses conscious and unconscious forces to explain one s personality. Sigmund Freud is looked upon as one of the creators of this movement. â€Å"Cognitive- behavioral approach,Read Morebshs 455 week 4 lt outline treatment approaches Essay839 Words   |  4 Pagesare types of approaches to help an individual with recovering from drug and substance abuse. The approaches that are being looked at to help someone recover is Cognitive Beh avioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET), Medication Management, Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA), and Community Reinforcement and Family Training Approach (CRAFT). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Cognitive behavioral; therapy (CBT) was developed as an aide to prevent relapse when treating addiction. CBTRead MoreThe Importance Of A Good Counselor Go Hand With Good Counseling Skills1139 Words   |  5 Pagessharing and exchange of ideas. The qualities of a good counselor go hand in hand with good counseling skills. Cognitive Behavior Therapy My most favored counseling therapy method would be Cognitive Behavior Therapy, also known as CBT. According to the National Association of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapist, â€Å"As a research-based treatment modality, CBT is an effective treatment for substance abuse, eating disorders, and specific mental health diagnoses. An active therapeutic modality, CBT is present-orientedRead MoreMental Patterns Of Substance Abuse991 Words   |  4 PagesDrugrehab.org - How To Change Mental Patterns Of Substance Abuse? People with an addiction often struggle to break free because they treat only the physical element. The mental patterns that influence substance abuse must be changed if any addiction treatment to be successful. Understanding these patterns, and how to break them, can help you create a life free of addiction and its harmful consequences. The Mental Patterns Of Substance Abuse Our mental processes often work in patterns of repeated

Renewable Energy Sources Essay - 1360 Words

â€Å"Title† Every day the United States uses massive amounts of energy. Only about 8% of the United States’ energy needs are met by renewable energy sources. That means that eventually 92% of the nation’s energy resources will run out. Recently this problem has been brought into the public’s eye and the American people’s attention has shifted to renewable and â€Å"green† energy resources. President Jimmy Carter (1977) said that â€Å"[w]ith the exception of preventing war, this (the energy crisis) is the greatest challenge our country will face during our life time† (p. 418). There are many proposed solutions to this problem and wind and solar energy are just two renewable energy sources that could be used. North and South Dakota along with Texas have†¦show more content†¦Both wind and solar energy technologies are extremely environmentally friendly. There are sometimes freak accidents in which birds or bats are killed by the rotating blades on a wind turbine but for the most part the only â€Å"pollution† one could complain about would be that the farms are not aesthetically pleasing. Compared to non-renewable fuels the emissions and waste produced from wind and solar energy is practically nonexistent. These new energy sources can reduce carbon dioxide emissions and provide energy that can be renewed. Some could argue that the price is high for a reason; the wind turbines could be inefficient, prone to breaking, or have some other hidden malady. The main problem with wind turbines is the fact that it needs to be windy for them to work. But looking at solar cells quickly reveals the same type of problem; they are useless without the sun. So the question becomes what is there naturally more of- wind or sun? The answer depends on location. Certain areas are known for being windy and certain areas are known to be dry and hot. Most of the time sunny and windy conditions do not exist together. If an area has little sun, it is windy, if it is hot and sunny all the time, it usually does not have a lot of wind. In the United States the best places for solar panels are in the desert states like California, Arizona, and New Mexico. As for turbines, the flatter Midwest states produce the highest wind speeds. There is also the problem ofShow MoreRelatedRenewable Sources Of Energy Sources1213 W ords   |  5 PagesEnergy Sources Introduction Energy sources have been identified as being vital in running virtually all domestic and industrial operations. There are two types of energy sources; renewable energy sources and nonrenewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources refer to the kinds that are naturally replenished. These include sunlight, the wind, ocean tides, waves, geothermal heat and rain (Tiwari et al., 2012). Nonrenewable energy sources, on the other hand, are the kinds that do not renew themselvesRead MoreRenewable Sources Of Energy And Energy1120 Words   |  5 PagesAlternate energies are forms of energy that do not deplete natural resources or harm the earth. The sources of the energies are naturally found or generated or are part of a natural conversion from one source into another. Energy cannot be destroyed but can be converted into other forms, therefore there are many reactions occurring around us that allow us to harness these energies. Alternate sources of energy has been extensively researched as a result of the large energy crisis that is being experiencedRead MoreSources Of Renewable Energy Sources3327 Words   |  14 Pages cleaner energy sources. It was decided that six renewable energy sources should be researched in order to determine which are most suitable for use in the West of Scotland. 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This report aims initially to focus on the energy situation in the United Kingdom, and then present two forms of energy conventional energy in specific coal, and renewable energy which is wind energy, and will finally recommend the most suitable one after comparing and contrastingRead MoreRenewable Sources Of Energy And Energy1983 Words   |  8 Pagesof all the energy used in the day-to-day lives and operations of the entire world population are nonrenewable. This energy is created from the fossil fuels: coal, petroleum and natural gas. Fossil fuels are still cheap and high in supply, but the rate at which we are consuming them, which is only expected to increase, vastly exceeds the rate at which they regenerate. This creates the aforementioned problem of mankind running out of th e required natural resources to fuel its own energy demands. TheRead MoreRenewable Energy Sources Of Energy2600 Words   |  11 PagesThe worldwide demand of energy has been increasing considerably. 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This includes sunlight, geothermal heat, wind, tides, water,Read MoreSources Of Energy : Renewable Energy Essay2238 Words   |  9 PagesSources of energy 1- Renewable energy Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources—such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat—which are renewable (naturally replenished). Renewable energy technologies range from solar power, wind power, hydroelectricity/micro hydro, biomass and biofuels for transportation. Renewable energy is energy that is generated from natural processes that are continuously replenished. This includes sunlight, geothermal heat, wind, tides, water, andRead MoreEnergy Sources Of Renewable Energy1944 Words   |  8 PagesExecutive Summary The development of renewable and alternative energy is becoming more and more necessary as the traditional fossil fuel energy is a non-renewable energy and can cause various environmental problems such as the global warming effect. However, the challenge today in generating alternative energy is to find a cost effective way while has the smallest harmful environmental impacts. Developing bioenergy have the advantage of reducing greenhouse gas emission while creating great economicRead MoreEnergy Sources And Non Renewable Energy Source Essay2240 Words   |  9 Pagessomewhat skeptical of this renewable energy source. The second group that I wish to address are those who are deemed to be environmentalists, who have a very strong faith in wind energy and other forms of renewables. Since these two audiences can be quite different the way in which I address concerns are going to have to be comprehensive to both. With focusing first on locals, I wish to include the basic information on wind turbines so that all aspects of this renewable energy source can be fully understood

Watershed Management Free Essays

Society and Polity 2010 Watershed Management – A Hope for Sustainable Development Table of Contents Watershed2 Integrated Watershed Management2 Categorization of Watersheds2 Need for Watershed Management:3 Characteristics of Watershed Management:3 Successful case of Watershed management in Maharashtra3 Approaches/methods used for people’s participation4 Persuasion4 Gandhian Approach4 Creation of a common platform4 Selfless leadership5 Identification of the most pressing common problem5 Achievements at Ralegan Siddhi5 ————————————————- Watershed Management: A Hope for Sustainable Development Watershed A Watershed is defined as a topographically delineated geographical area in which the entire run-off tends to converge, through the existing drainage system, to the common outlet of the area for subsequent disposal. In other words, a watershed is an independent drainage unit. Integrated Watershed Management It is the process of creating and implementing plans, programs, and projects to sustain and enhance watershed functions that affect the plant, animal, and human communities within a watershed boundary Categorization of Watersheds Watersheds are categorized on the basis of the following criteria: * Based on Size: Based on size, the watersheds can be classified into micro, mini and large watersheds. We will write a custom essay sample on Watershed Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now The watersheds with area less than 500 ha are called as micro watersheds. The watersheds with area more than 500 ha but less than 2000 ha are called as mini watersheds. The watersheds with area more than 2000 ha are called as large watersheds. * Based on Drainage: Based on drainage, watersheds can be classified into drains and streams. Drains refer to the smaller water channels whereas streams refer to the larger water channels. Based on Shape: Based on shape, watersheds can be classified into two types namely fan-shaped and fern-shaped. Fan shaped watersheds are those which are circular or nearly circular in shape. Fern shaped watersheds are those which are elongated in shape. * Based on Other Criteria: Watersheds can also be classified according to other factors viz. altitude (high watersheds and flat watersheds), moisture content (arid watersheds and wet watersheds), type of soil (black-soil watersheds and red-soil watersheds), etc. Need for Watershed Management: Watersheds are an asset and therefore they need to be managed properly so that we are able to utilize them in the years to come. They act as a source of water for the people living in and around watershed areas. They help in maintaining the nutrients of the soil, thereby supporting the agriculture sector to give a sustained yield. They also act as a good source of irrigation for the fields throughout the year. Since they support vegetation, they also help in reducing soil erosion as the roots of the vegetation hold together the top layer of the fertile soil. They also help in the development of the forests as they act as good source of water for the forest flora and fauna. Objectives: * Water has multiples uses and must be managed in an integrated way. * Water should be managed at the lowest appropriate level. * Water allocation should take account of the interests of all who are affected. * Water should be recognised and treated as an economic good. Strategies: * A long term, viable sustainable future for basin stake holders. * Equitable access to water resources for water users. The application of principles of demand management for efficient utilisation. * Prevention of further environmental degradation (short term) and the restoration of degraded resources (long term). Characteristics of Watershed Management: * Allowing an adequate supply of water that is sustainable over many years. * Maintains water quality at level that meets government standards and other social water quality objectives. * Allows sustainable economic development over the short and long term. Successful case of Watershed management in Maharashtra Development fundamentally refers to human beings. It should be a human experience to meet people’s physical, mental and emotional aspirations and potentials, not just in economic terms but should also lead to a sense of self-sufficiency and fulfilment. Ralegan Siddhi, often termed as an oasis of greenery surrounded by dry and bare hilly tracts is a unique example of transformation from poverty to plenty and a living model of people’s participation in natural resource management in a watershed. Ralegan Siddhi is a small village with an area of 982 ha in Parner county (taluka) of Ahmadnagar district, Maharashtra, India. It is a drought-prone and resource poor area with annual rainfall ranging between 50-700 mm and temperature varying between 28Â °C and 44Â °C. The village is surrounded by small hillocks on the northeast and southern sides. The land is undulating and slopes vary from 3-15%. The 1991 Census enumerated a population of 1,982 living in 310 households (presently estimated to be around 325). The sex-ratio being 902 females per 1,000 males (1,029 in 1971; 1,013 in 1981). The continued decrease in the ratio is explained as the return of male folk to the village with improvement in the socio-economic conditions of the village. Backward classes (scheduled castes and scheduled tribes) constitute only 14. 23% of the total population. Marathas of Khatri caste out-number other castes and constitute nearly two-third of the families. Among others are the backward castes including Mhar, Chamar, Bharhadi, Pardi, Sutar, Barber, Fishermen, Matang etc. By 1975, prior to intervention by Mr. Anna Hazare, the village had become quite notorious with all sorts of social evils, moral down fall and with badly shattered economic conditions. In general, the village presented the profile of a poverty-stricken and debt-ridden society. Scarcity of water was key to distress which limited the prospects of agriculture. The water table was below 20 m, most of the wells used to dry up during summer and the drinking water had to be fetched from the neighbouring villages. The high rate of surface run off, due to high degree of slope and lack of vegetative cover had washed away the top fertile layer of the soils. Barely 20 ha of the village area was under irrigation. As a consequence the agricultural production was too meagre to support and sustain the livelihoods of the people particularly the resource poor farmers. Not even 30% of the food grain requirements could be met from rain-fed mono-cropping practised in the village. Approaches/methods used for people’s participation The approaches/methods used by him for the participation of farmers in natural resource management works are highlighted below. Persuasion First of all, Anna went through a careful envisioning of the deteriorating situation in village life and decided to initiate through religion-moral undercurrent by persuading the people for reconstruction of Sant Yadava Baba temple. But he failed to impress and influence the people at large, primarily because the people were too busy with their own business and the worldly affairs. Gandhian Approach The second step was to set up examples by self-practising rather than mere preaching as Mahatma Gandhi used to do. Initially it went on unnoticed but in due course it gathered momentum. Particularly, he tried to organize the youths of the village under ‘Tarun Mandal’ (youth organization). Besides, participation from all the sections of society was ensured and encouraged. Creation of a common platform Keeping all the differences and disparities aside, a common platform and meeting ground was created in the form of Sant Yadav Baba’s temple. People started sitting in groups during evenings and discussing about the affairs of the village and common concern. Thus, the process of friendship, cooperation and communication started. Selfless leadership Anna himself invested all the money he had (Rs. 20,000) for purchasing building materials for the temple before asking others to contribute. Identification of the most pressing common problem The main reason of disintegration, division and distress of the village society was the lack of a sound livelihood support system. The economy of the village was agrarian and shortage of water for irrigation was the major constraint to its development. Thus, assured availability of water was collectively identified as the top priority in a meeting of villagers. Achievements at Ralegan Siddhi Successful abolition of social evils like alcoholism, dowry, corruption and the caste system. These changes paved the way for positive steps to development. Regeneration of watershed resources through people’s participation, a living example of watershed development and management. Development of agriculture and allied sectors by better farming practices and cropping patterns, judicious use of water by introducing drip irrigation system, yield enhancement etc. as a result the village where nearly three-fourth population was below poverty line, has become self sufficient and is surplus in food grains, today. Conclusion * Improving agricultural productivity. * Improving vegetative covers. * Increasing fodder food availability. Reducing soil erosion nutrient loss. * Improve water availability of surface groundwater. * Enhancing quality of life among local communities. The case study shows the success of Gandhian approach to people’s participation in watershed management. Since 1975, this has resulted into participation of all the 325 village families, renovation of a temple, stopping illicit liquor distillation, water harvesting in 4 small watersheds, construction of many check dams, plantation of five hundred thousand forest trees, controlled grazing, raising of ground water level rom 20 m depth to 6. 5 m, sale of onions worth Rs. 80 million in 1995 alone (exchange rate in June 1995 1 US$ = Rs. 31. 3), solar street lights, village toilets, biogas, organic farming, introduction of livestock, a full high school, institutionalization of decision making at village assembly level, local voluntary organizational capacity building, acceptance and application of voluntary code of conduct, formation of different action committees, etc. References How to cite Watershed Management, Papers

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Academic Review Article: Essay Educating Coaches About Concussion in Sports: Evaluation of the CDCsHeads Up: Concussion in Youth Sports Initiative Written By Tyrell Thomas TarboroVanguard UniverityApril 07, 2017Article: Educating Coaches About Concussion in Sports: Evaluation of theCDCs Heads Up: Concussion in Youth Sports Initiative by Tracey Covassin, PhD, ATC; R. J. Elbin, PhD; Kelly Sarmiento, MPHPublication: The Journal of School Health 2012 May; Vol. 82(5), pp. 233-8OverviewEducating Coaches About Concussion in Sports: Evaluation of the CDCsHeads Up: Concussion in Youth Sports simply evaluates the effectivenessof the Heads Up Initiative and the difference in youth coaches educationand readiness such as preventing, recognizing, and responding toconcussions. Also, the article states, it is important that individualsinvolved in youth sports, coaches in particular, be aware of the signs andsymptoms of concussion and know how to respond if a concussion issuspected. According to Valovich-McLeod, only 61% of youth coaches couldcorrectly identify the symptoms of a concussion pre-and-post mortem (P. 234). The creator of the Heads Up program created a questionnaire composedby a panel of specialist that range from physicians to youth coaches togauge the knowledge of the youth coaches on concussions. The objective ofthis research was to see if the tools from the Heads Up education programprovided youth coaches with a better understanding on how to prevent,recognize, and respond to concussion. Their research found that coaches whopossessed the Heads Up information six months prior to the questionnaire,felt that this information was helpful to them in their coaching andeducation of concussions. Even though this survey was limited to a smallsample size and the knowledge of the youth coachs previous knowledge onconcussions prior to the survey was unknown, the consensus on the CDCsassessment of the Heads Up program is that this material taught coacheseither something new about concussions or provided them with theinformation to teach the kids, coaches, and parents about concussions. Thi sarticle concluded that all school officials involved in athletics andcoaches should implement a pre-season, mid-season, and post-seasonchecklist to include training on concussions to maintain the education andknowledge to prevent the mishandling of this serious injury. Research ProblemConcussions are defined as temporary unconsciousness or confusion due to aninjury to the head. Concussions have become an increasing problem forathletes playing sports, primarily in youth because the symptoms are notalways present immediately as with adults causing long term effects of thebrain to go unnoticed and untreated. With concussions increasing every yearand becoming more publicized, the attention has been placed on educatingcoaches, players and parents on how to prevent, recognize, and respond toconcussion in a timely manner to prevent long term diseases form developingin the brain. The articles hypothesis states, it is important thatindividuals involved in youth sports, coaches in particular, be aware ofthe signs and symptoms of concussion and know how to respond if aconcussion is suspected. The objective of this research was to see howeducated youth coaches were on concussions after receiving the Heads Upmaterial and if they were teaching they were properly preventing,recognizing and responding to concussions in their athletes. Research Design and ProceduresA 22-question survey was sent out to a small sample size of 1,000 coachesto gauge their knowledge and understanding of concussions and theeffectiveness of the Heads up educational material. The survey was sent outto coaches who had been given the Heads Up material 6 months prior to thesurvey. The survey questions varied from demographic to their awareness ofthe Head Up material they received and what they knew of the program, andalso what was their general knowledge of concussions. The coaches wereasked their opinion on how serious they thought concussions were and whatmaterials from the Heads Up program they thought were most helpful wheneducating other about concussions. The survey did not specify if thequestions were open-ended or closed-ended, nor did the article specify howthe survey was administered. Case Study on South Delaware Coors, Inc EssayThe survey wasnt broken down to be sport specific, gender specific, orsurrounding environment specific, which all of these attributes can affecthow a coach may answer these questions. The future studies recommended tofocus study on the policies laws being passed and the awareness of coacheson concussions, and doing this with controlled focus groups. I think forthis to be extremely successful and accurate a survey from every sport,every gender, and every state should be done, and even though a projectlike this can take a long time and be costly the overall result of thesurvey would be more accurate. Research Conclusions and RecommendationsThe authors state that with the help of the Heads Up educational material77% of the youth coaches said that they were able to identify concussionswith more ese after possessing the material. 50% of the coaches said thatthey learned something new, concluding that the Heads Up program was asuccess on a small scale. The CDC believes that making this materialaccessible to more youth coaches it will help with the implementation offuture concussion laws and policies. Any school or parental officialworking with youth athletic associations should prepare for concussionbefore athletes take the field. A pre, mid, and post season checklist canbe accessed on www.cdc.gov/concussion, to help coaches and parents prepareathletes for their upcoming season and keep them updated on concussionmaterial throughout their season. As a high school football coach, I makeit a priority to keep my athletes educated on the proper techniques to keepthemselves safe from concu ssion, it is the due diligence of a coach to putsafety before winning or pride. Researchers ReputationTracey Covassin, PhD a graduate of Temple University, is an associateprofessor in the kinesiology department and a certified athletic trainer inthe Sports Medicine Program for the Department of Athletics at MichiganState University. Tracey Covassins area of expertise is kinesiology andshe currently has an active grant with the Joe D. Pentecost Foundation: AProspective Examination of Neurocognitive Function, Balance, and SymptomReporting in Youth and High School Athletes with Sport-Related Concussions. R. J. Elbin, PhD is an assistant professor in Exercise Science at theUniversity of Arkansas, and Director of Office for Sports ConcussionResearch. Dr. Elbins research focuses on developing best practice forconcussion education; identifying factors that contribute to concussionrisk and prolonged recovery; and documenting the persistent effects ofconcussion on neurocognitive, psychosocial, and vestibular/oculomotorfunctioning in youth and adolescent athletes. Dr. Elbin has also given over 100 lectures on sports related concussionsand has published over 60 peer-reviewed publications for journals. Kelly Sarmiento, MPH expertise are in the Heads Up program and concussionwhere she serves a Health Communications Specialist for the Division ofUnintentional Injury Preventions Home and Recreation Team. Kelly leads theHeads Up program which is intended to educate all who have a commonobjective to prevent, recognize and respond to concussions in children. Kelly obtained her Bachelors degree from University of California, SantaBarbra and her Masters degree from Yale University School of Epidemiologyand Public Health. Her innovations have led to her being awarded within thepublic health and health communication fields. ReferencesTracey Covassin Directory College of Education Michigan StateUniversity. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2017. https://education.msu.edu/search/Formview.aspx?email=covassin%40msu.edu. Dr. R. J. Elbin Bio. N.p., n.d. Web. http://learntelehealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Elbin_Bio.pdf. A brief bio of Dr. Elbin and hisreputation. Executive Leadership and Expert Bios. Centers for Disease Control andPrevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 31 Mar. 2016. Web. 05 Apr. 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/injury/pressroom/fullbios_subjectmatterexperts/bio_kellysarmiento.html. Covassin, T., Elbin, R. J., Sarmiento, K. (2012). Educating coaches aboutconcussion in sports: evaluation of the CDCs Heads Up: concussion inyouth sports initiative. The Journal of School Health, 82(5), 233-238. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2012.00692.